Basic Pack Plus For Arduino

Basic Pack Plus For Arduino

Information Categories: Arduino Brand: Diustou

Description Features Basic Pack Plus For Arduino Interfaces ---

Related products Basic Pack For Arduino Basic Pack Plus For Arduino Basic Experiment Kits For Arduino Basic Experiment Kits For Raspberry Pi

Product Description

• 

Module Description

Main Accessories

Breadboard

• 
• The breadboard has two columns of power rails on the left and right sides respectively. Each column consists of five holes in a group. The holes within the same group and between different groups are interconnected, but the holes between columns are not interconnected.
• The holes in the middle section are divided into two sides by the central groove. On each side, every row of five holes forms a group, and the holes within the same group are interconnected, but the holes between rows are not interconnected.
  • 

Jumper Wires

• 
• Specification: 100mm male-to-male, 100mm male-to-female, 200mm male-to-male, 200mm male-to-female
• Pitch: 2.54mm
• Voltage rating: 300V
• Maximum current: 2A
• Wire outer diameter: 1.4mm
• Wire core specification: 12-core all-copper, wire core diameter 0.09mm

Basic Module

Mini Traffic Light Module

• 
• There are two types of traffic lights. The one for motor vehicles is called the vehicle light, which typically consists of red, yellow, and green (green being blue-green) lights used to direct traffic. When the green light is on, vehicles are allowed to pass. When the yellow light flashes, vehicles that have already crossed the stop line can continue to pass; those that have not should slow down and stop at the stop line and wait. When the red light is on, vehicles are prohibited from passing. The one for pedestrians is called the crosswalk light, which typically consists of red and green (green being blue-green) lights used to direct pedestrian traffic. Red means stop, and green means go.
• Parameter Description:
  • Dimensions: 562111mm
  • Mounting Hole: 3mm
  • Hole Spacing: 15mm
  • Colors: Red, Yellow, Green
  • LEDs: 8mm *3
  • Brightness: Standard brightness
  • Voltage: 5V
  • Input: Digital level
  • Interface: Common cathode, with separate control for red, yellow, and green lights
  • Platform: Arduino, Microcontroller
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 1: Traffic Light Experiment

RGB Module

• 
• The RGB module can emit light in various colors. Three LEDs in red, green, and blue are encapsulated in a transparent or translucent plastic casing with four pins. The three primary colors of red, green, and blue can be mixed in various brightness levels to produce a wide range of colors, allowing the RGB-LED to emit colored light through circuit control.
• Parameter Description:
  • PCB Size: 1915mm
  • PCB Color: Black
  • LED: 5mm Common Cathode
  • Brightness: High Brightness
  • Current Limiting Resistor: Included
  • Input: PWM
  • Operating Voltage: 3.3V/5V
  • Weight: 1.4g
  • Platform: Arduino, Microcontroller
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 2: RGB LED Experiment

Active Buzzer Module

• 
• An active buzzer is an integrated electronic sounder that operates on DC voltage and is widely used in electronic products such as computers, printers, copiers, alarms, electronic toys, automotive electronics, telephones, timers, etc., as a sound-emitting device. Buzzers are mainly divided into piezoelectric buzzers and electromagnetic buzzers. In circuits, buzzers are represented by the letters "H" or "HA" (old standards used "FM", "LB", "JD", etc.).
• An active buzzer contains a simple oscillation circuit inside, which converts a constant DC signal into a pulse signal of a certain frequency, thereby achieving alternating magnetic fields to drive the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound. However, some active buzzers can also operate under specific AC signals, but the voltage and frequency of the AC signal are very high, so this operating mode is generally not used.
• Parameter Description:
  • PCB Size: 3.2cm2.3cm
  • Driver: S8050 Transistor
  • Trigger: High-level Trigger
  • Voltage: 5V
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 6: Active Buzzer Module Experiment

Passive Buzzer Module

• 
• The passive buzzer utilizes the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. When an alternating current is applied to the voice coil, it forms an electromagnet that attracts or repels a permanent magnet, driving the diaphragm to produce sound. Applying a DC current can only continuously push the diaphragm without producing sound; it can only produce sound when connected or disconnected.
• The passive buzzer does not have a driving circuit inside. The working signal of the passive buzzer is a square wave. If a DC signal is directly applied to the passive buzzer, there will be no sound because the magnetic circuit remains unchanged, and the diaphragm is always in an adsorbed state, unable to vibrate and produce sound.
• Parameter Description:
  • PCB Size: 3.2cm2.3cm
  • Driver: S8550 Transistor
  • Trigger: Low-level Trigger
  • Voltage: 5V
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 7: Passive Buzzer Module Experiment

Large Tactile Button with Cap

• 
• The large tactile button switch module primarily uses a tactile switch, which can serve as an electronic switch and can be used as an external device for platforms such as Arduino and microcontrollers. It has advantages such as simple wiring, ease of use, and a variety of colors.
• Two methods to determine if the button is pressed:
  • Determine if the pin is 0: Connect the VCC pin of the button module to the GND of the Arduino development board, configure the OUT pin as input with a pullup resistor, and leave the GND pin floating.
  • Determine if the pin is 1: Connect the VCC pin of the button module to the VCC of the Arduino development board, and connect an external pulldown resistor to the OUT pin to stabilize it at a low level when the button is not pressed, leaving the GND pin floating. (External circuitry is required, so it is not recommended.)
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 3: Button Control LED Experiment

Matrix Keypad

• 
• A matrix keypad, as an external device for microcontrollers, is used to reduce the occupation of I/O ports and improve the utilization rate of the microcontroller when a large number of keys are required. In a matrix keypad, each horizontal line is connected to each vertical line through a key, allowing an 8-bit port of the microcontroller to control 44=16 matrix keys, which is double the number compared to directly controlling keys with ports. The difference becomes more significant as the number of lines increases.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 4: Matrix Keypad Experiment

Rotary Potentiometer Module

• 
• A potentiometer is essentially a variable resistor. It is called a potentiometer because it is used in a circuit to obtain an output voltage that has a certain relationship with the input voltage (applied voltage). It is usually manufactured to maintain its original characteristics regardless of how long it is used. When used as a position sensor, a potentiometer can be a linear or rotary position sensor. The potentiometer outputs a voltage value that is proportional to the position of the slider along the variable resistor. Due to temperature changes, wear, and dirt between the slider and the variable resistor, which can cause resistance changes and affect the accuracy of the potentiometer, potentiometers have relatively low accuracy. However, with the development of materials, especially conductive plastics, potentiometers can maintain their original characteristics even after long-term use, and their performance has also been improved.
• Parameter Description:
  • PCB Size: 36mm24mm1.6mm
  • Voltage: 3.3V/5V
  • Resistance: 10K
  • Current: 260uA (VCC=5V)
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 5: Rotary Potentiometer Experiment

Optocoupler Relay

• 
• A relay is an electrical control device that causes a predetermined step change in the controlled variable in the electrical output circuit when the change in the input variable (excitation) meets the specified requirements. It has an interactive relationship between the control system (also known as the input circuit) and the controlled system (also known as the output circuit). Typically used in automated control circuits, it is essentially an "automatic switch" that uses a small current to control the operation of a large current. Therefore, it plays a role in automatic adjustment, safety protection, and circuit switching in the circuit.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating Voltage: 5V
  • Load Current: 10A
  • Equipped with an output signal indicator light.
  • Signal drive is adjustable between high and low.
  • Dual power supply design with strong anti-interference ability, high reliability of opto-isolation protection, strong driving ability, and stable performance.
  • Equipped with diode freewheeling protection.
  • Response time is less than 20 milliseconds.
  • The relay has a long lifespan and can be continuously energized for 100,000 cycles.
  • External wiring uses rotary crimp terminals for more secure connections.
  • Comes with mounting holes for easy installation.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 8: Optocoupler Relay Experiment

Temperature Sensor

Thermistor Sensor

• 
• A thermistor is a type of sensitive component, classified into Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) and Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors based on their temperature coefficients. The typical characteristic of a thermistor is its sensitivity to temperature, exhibiting different resistance values at different temperatures. A PTC thermistor has a higher resistance at higher temperatures, while an NTC thermistor has a lower resistance at higher temperatures; both belong to semiconductor devices.
• Characteristics of the thermistor:
  • The thermistor module is very sensitive to ambient temperature and is commonly used to detect the surrounding environment's temperature.
  • By adjusting the potentiometer, the temperature detection threshold (i.e., the controlled temperature value) can be changed. For example, if the ambient temperature needs to be controlled at 50 degrees, the module's green LED will light up when the temperature reaches this set point, and the DO output will be low. Below this set temperature, the output is high, and the green LED is off.
  • The DO output can be directly connected to digital pin 3 of the Arduino Uno to detect high and low levels, thereby detecting changes in ambient temperature.
  • The DO output can also directly drive a relay module, forming a temperature-controlled switch to control the operating temperature of related equipment or to connect a fan for cooling.
  • The temperature detection range of this module is 20-80 degrees Celsius.
  • This module can also be replaced with a wired temperature sensor for control of water temperature, water tanks, etc.
  • The analog output AO of the small board can be connected to the analog input A0 of the Arduino Uno. Through AD conversion, a more precise value of the ambient temperature can be obtained.
• Parameter Description:
  • Uses an NTC thermistor sensor with good sensitivity.
  • Comparator output with clean signal, good waveform, and strong driving ability, exceeding 15mA.
  • Equipped with a potentiometer for adjusting the temperature detection threshold.
  • Operating Voltage: 3.3V-5V
  • Output Forms: DO digital switch output (0 and 1) and A0 analog voltage output.
  • Comes with mounting holes for easy installation of the small board.
  • PCB Size: 3.2cm x 1.4cm
  • Uses a wide-voltage LM393 comparator.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 9: Thermistor Sensor Experiment

DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

• 
• The DHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor is a composite sensor that includes calibrated digital signal outputs, internally controlled by an 8-bit microcontroller with a resistive humidity sensing element and an NTC temperature measuring element. Compared to the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor, the DHT11 can detect both temperature and humidity. The DHT11 sensor uses a single-wire serial interface, and its Dout pin can be directly connected to the microcontroller's I/O port after connecting a 5K pull-up resistor. The signal transmission distance can reach over 20 meters, with advantages such as strong anti-interference ability, high cost-effectiveness, and fast response speed. It utilizes dedicated digital module acquisition technology and temperature and humidity sensing technology to ensure the product has extremely high reliability and excellent long-term stability.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating Voltage: 3V-5.5V
  • Operating Current: Average 0.5mA
  • Humidity Measurement Range: 20-90%RH
  • Humidity Measurement Accuracy: ±5%RH
  • Humidity Resolution: 1%RH, 8-bit
  • Temperature Measurement Range: 0-50°C
  • Temperature Measurement Accuracy: ±2°C
  • Temperature Resolution: 1°C, 8-bit
  • Sampling Period: ≥1s
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 10: DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Experiment

DS18B20 Temperature Sensor

• 
• The DS18B20 uses a one-wire bus protocol, which enables bidirectional data transmission on a single data line. Since microcontrollers do not natively support the one-wire bus protocol, software methods must be used to simulate the protocol sequence to access the DS18B20 chip. As the DS18B20 reads and writes data on a single I/O line, there are strict timing requirements for the read and write data bits. It has a rigorous communication protocol to ensure the correctness and integrity of each data transmission. This protocol defines the timing for several signals: initialization timing, read timing, and write timing. In all timing sequences, the microcontroller acts as the master device, and the DS18B20 as the slave device. Every command and data transmission starts with the master initiating the write timing sequence. If data is required from the DS18B20, after sending the write command, the master needs to initiate the read timing sequence to receive the data.
• Parameter Description:
  • PCB Size: 2.1cm x 1.0cm
  • Resolution Adjustment Range: 9-12 bits
  • Temperature Measurement Range: -55~+125°C
  • Temperature Measurement Accuracy: 0.5°C
  • Operating Voltage: DC 5V
  • Digital Signal Output
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 11: DS18B20 Temperature Sensor Experiment

Soil Moisture Sensor

• 
• A capacitive humidity sensor measures humidity using the principle that the capacitance of a humidity-sensitive element changes with humidity. This type of humidity-sensitive element is actually a thin-film capacitor with a hygroscopic electrolyte material whose dielectric constant changes with humidity, with sensing materials such as polyamide resin, cellulose acetate, and metal oxides like Al2O3.
• The capacitive soil moisture sensor differs from most resistive sensors on the market by using capacitive sensing principles to detect soil moisture, avoiding the corrosion issues commonly faced by resistive sensors and significantly extending its working lifespan. The sensor is equipped with a voltage regulator chip, supporting a wide operating voltage range of 3.3~5.5V, meaning it can work normally even on a 3.3V Arduino control board.
• Parameter Description
  • Operating Voltage: DC 3.3-5.5V
  • Output Voltage: DC 0-3.0V
  • Interface: PH2.0-3P
  • Size: 99x16mm / 3.9x0.63"
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 28: Soil Moisture Sensor Experiment

Optical Sensor

Flame Sensor

• 
• The flame sensor uses a specially designed infrared receiver tube to detect flames by capturing the infrared wavelength in the flame. It can detect light sources or heat sources within the wavelength range of 760nm to 1100nm, with a detection angle of about 60 degrees. When the infrared wavelength is near 940 nanometers, its sensitivity reaches its limit. The sensor is equipped with M3 mounting holes for easy adjustment of direction and secure installation. It uses a wide-voltage LM393 comparator, providing a clean signal, good waveform, and strong driving ability, exceeding 15mA, with an adjustable precision potentiometer for sensitivity adjustment.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 12: Flame Sensor Experiment

Infrared Tracking Sensor

• 
• The infrared tracking sensor adopts the TCRT5000 sensor. When the infrared emitting diode of the TCRT5000 continuously emits infrared light, if the emitted infrared light is not reflected back or is reflected back but with insufficient intensity, the phototransistor remains off. At this time, the output terminal of the module is at a low level, and the indicator LED remains off. When a detected object appears within the detection range, the infrared light is reflected back with sufficient intensity, saturating the phototransistor. At this point, the output terminal of the module is at a high level, and the indicator LED is illuminated.
• Due to black's strong absorption capacity, when the infrared light emitted by the tracking module hits a black line, the infrared light is absorbed by the black line, causing the phototransistor on the tracking module to be in an off state, and one of the LEDs on the module to be extinguished. When no black line is detected, both LEDs on the module remain illuminated.
• Parameter Description:
  • Adopts TCRT5000 infrared reflective sensor
  • Detection distance: Suitable for 1mm~8mm, with a focal distance of 2.5mm
  • Comparator output, clean signal, good waveform, strong driving capability, exceeding 15mA.
  • Equipped with a multi-turn adjustable precision potentiometer for sensitivity adjustment
  • Operating voltage: 3.3V-5V
  • Output form: Digital switch output (0 and 1)
  • Equipped with fixed bolt holes for easy installation
  • Small board PCB size: 3.2cm x 1.4cm
  • Uses wide-voltage LM393 comparator
  • The tracking module typically requires a distance of 1-2cm from the black line to be detected
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 15: Infrared Tracking Sensor Experiment

Photoresistor Sensor

• 
• A photoresistor is a special resistor made of semiconductor materials such as cadmium sulfide or selenium sulfide. Its working principle is based on the internal photoelectric effect. The stronger the light, the lower the resistance. As the light intensity increases, the resistance value rapidly decreases, and the bright resistance can be as low as below 1KΩ. A photoresistor is very sensitive to light. In the absence of light, it exhibits a high resistance state, with a dark resistance typically reaching 1.5MΩ. The unique properties of photoresistors will find extremely wide applications with the development of technology.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating voltage: 3.3V-5V
  • Uses wide-voltage LM393 comparator
  • Equipped with fixed bolt holes for easy installation
  • Adopts a sensitive photoresistor sensor
  • Small board PCB size: 3.2cm x 1.4cm
  • Equipped with an adjustable potentiometer for adjusting the detected light brightness
  • Output form: DO digital switch output (0 and 1) and AO analog voltage output
  • Comparator output, clean signal, good waveform, strong driving capability, exceeding 15mA.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 14: Photoresistor Sensor Experiment

Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor

• 
• This sensor module has strong adaptability to ambient light and is equipped with a pair of infrared emitting and receiving tubes for detecting obstacles. The detection distance can be adjusted using a potentiometer knob; turning it clockwise increases the effective distance. The module's effective distance range is 2~5cm. The sensor features M3 mounting holes for easy adjustment and fixation. It uses a wide-voltage LM393 comparator, providing clean signals, good waveform, and strong driving capability exceeding 15mA. It can be applied in various scenarios such as production line part counting, robot obstacle avoidance, and black/white line tracking.
• Product Description

1. The detection distance can be adjusted via the potentiometer. Turning the potentiometer clockwise increases the detection distance; turning it counterclockwise decreases it.
2. The reflectivity and shape of the target being detected are crucial for the detection distance. Black objects have the shortest detection distance, while white objects have the longest. Small objects have a shorter distance, and large objects have a longer distance.
3. The OUT port of the sensor module can be directly connected to a microcontroller's IO port or can directly drive a 5V relay.
4. The comparator used is LM393, ensuring stable operation.
5. It has 3mm screw holes for easy fixation and installation.

• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 13: Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor Experiment

Human Infrared Pyroelectric Sensor

• 
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating Voltage: DC5V to 20V
  • Quiescent Power Consumption: Less than 60μA
  • Output Level: High 3.3V, Low 0V
  • Delay Time: Adjustable (0.3s to 18s)
  • Block Time: 2.5s
  • Trigger Mode: L (non-repeatable), H (repeatable), default is H
  • Sensing Range: Less than 120-degree cone angle, within 7 meters
  • Operating Temperature: -15°C to +70°C
  • PCB Dimensions: 3224mm, screw hole spacing 28mm, screw hole diameter 2mm
  • Sensing Lens Diameter: 23mm (default)
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 16: Human Infrared Pyroelectric Sensor Experiment

Laser Sensor

• Laser is another significant invention of humanity in the 20th century, following nuclear energy, computers, and semiconductors. It is known as the "fastest knife," the "most accurate ruler," and the "brightest light." Its English name, Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, fully describes the main process of laser creation. The principle of laser was discovered as early as 1916 by the renowned American physicist Albert Einstein. Laser light is emitted by atoms when electrons absorb energy, transition from a low energy level to a high energy level, and then fall back to the low energy level, releasing energy in the form of photons. The induced (stimulated) photon beam (laser) consists of photons with highly consistent optical properties. This makes lasers superior to conventional light sources in terms of monochromaticity, brightness, and directionality.
• Lasers are widely used in laser marking, laser welding, laser cutting, optical fiber communication, laser ranging, laser radar, laser weapons, laser discs, laser vision correction, laser scanning, laser mosquito killers, LIF non-destructive testing technology, and more. Laser systems can be classified into continuous-wave lasers and pulsed lasers.
• Parameter Description:
  • Emission Power: 150mW
  • Standard Size: Φ610.5
  • Operating Lifetime: Over 1000 hours
  • Spot Pattern: Dot spot, continuous output
  • Laser Wavelength: 650nm (red)
  • Output Power: <5mW
  • Supply Voltage: 5VDC
  • Operating Current: <40mA
  • Operating Temperature: -36°C to 65°C
  • Storage Temperature: -36°C to 65°C
  • Spot Size: At 15 meters, the spot size is φ10mm~φ15mm
• Precautions
  • This laser head emits a red laser beam, which is a parallel beam. A faint red line can only be seen under foggy conditions or in the presence of other media; otherwise, only a red dot is visible.
  • Do not point it at human eyes.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 17: Laser Sensor Experiment

Magnetic Sensors

KY-020 Tilt Sensor

• 
• The KY-020 tilt switch module consists of a 10kΩ resistor and a metal ball switch with bidirectional conductivity, which opens/closes the circuit based on the degree of tilt. It does not measure the tilt angle. When the circuit is tilted to the side, the internal ball switch can be activated by moving the circuit with sufficient force and tilt, thereby closing the circuit. This outputs a low-level voltage signal. The tilt sensor module can be connected to the digital pin 13 of an Arduino module, which has an built-in LED, to create a simple circuit for a tilt indicator light. When the tilt sensor detects a button press signal, the LED lights up.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 18: KY-020 Tilt Sensor Experiment

SW-18010P Vibration Sensor

• 
• Adopts a normally open, high-sensitivity vibration switch, SW-18010P. The switch is in an open OFF state when stationary. When subjected to external force resulting in corresponding vibration or when the movement speed reaches an appropriate centrifugal force, the conductive pins will momentarily conduct and be in an ON state. When the external force disappears, the switch returns to an open OFF state. It can be used for various vibration-triggered applications, such as burglar alarms, smart cars, electronic building blocks, etc. The sensor is equipped with an M3 fixed mounting hole, making it easy to adjust the direction and fix in place. It uses a wide-voltage LM393 comparator, providing a clean signal, good waveform, and strong driving capability exceeding 15mA. It is equipped with an adjustable precision potentiometer for sensitivity adjustment.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating voltage: 3.3V - 5V. Can be directly connected to 5V or 3.3V microcontrollers.
  • Output form: Digital output (0 and 1). The analog output of this module is not connected.
  • Adjustable sensitivity (via the sensitivity adjustment potentiometer)
    • Adjustment method: Place the module on a desk, adjust the blue potentiometer on the board until the switch indicator light is on, then slightly turn back the potentiometer so that the switch indicator light is off. Then, tap the desk with your hand to create a vibration that the sensor can detect. At this point, the switch indicator light should turn on. When the vibration stops, the switch indicator light will also turn off. This phenomenon indicates that the vibration can trigger the module, causing the switch indicator light to illuminate.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 19: SW-18010P Vibration Sensor Experiment

Reed Switch Sensor

• 
• A reed switch is a simplified term for a dry reed switch, which is a passive electronic switching component with contacts. It has the advantages of simple structure, small size, and easy control. Its casing is typically a sealed glass tube containing two iron elastic reed contacts and filled with an inert gas called rhodium. Normally, the two reeds made of special material inside the glass tube are separated. When a magnetic material approaches the glass tube, under the influence of the magnetic field lines, the two reeds inside the tube become magnetized and attract each other, causing the contacts to close and the circuit connected to the contacts to be energized. When the external magnetic force disappears, the two reeds separate due to their own elasticity, and the circuit is disconnected. Therefore, as a circuit switch device that uses magnetic field signals for control, reed switches can be used as sensors for counting, positioning, etc. (mainly used for making door and window magnetic switches in security systems), and are also widely used in various communication devices. In practical applications, a permanent magnet is usually used to control whether these two metal reeds are connected, so it is also known as a "magnetic control tube".
• Usage Instructions:
  • The reed switch module needs to be used in conjunction with a magnet. When it senses a certain magnetic force, it will be in a conducting state, and the module will output a low level. When there is no magnetic force, it will be in a disconnected state, outputting a high level. The sensing distance between the reed switch and the magnet is within 1.5cm; beyond this, it may not be sensitive or may not trigger.
  • The DO output terminal of the module can be directly connected to a digital port of an Arduino UNO to detect the triggering state of the reed switch.
  • If the DO output terminal of the module is connected to the IN input terminal of a relay or thyristor, it can form a high-power reed switch that directly controls high-voltage and high-current devices.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 20: Reed Switch Sensor Experiment

Hall Sensor

• 
• The 3144 Hall switch integrated circuit applies the principle of the Hall effect and uses semiconductor integration technology to manufacture a magnetic sensitive circuit. It consists of a voltage regulator, a Hall voltage generator, a differential amplifier, a Schmitt trigger, a temperature compensation circuit, and an open-collector output stage to form a magnetic sensitive sensing circuit. Its input is magnetic flux density, and its output is a digital voltage signal. This sensor has the characteristics of small size, high sensitivity, fast response, small hysteresis, good temperature performance, high accuracy, high reliability, etc.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating voltage: 3.3-5V
  • Uses 3144E switch-type Hall sensor
  • When the sensor senses a magnetic field, the digital output is low, and the signal light is on; if no magnetic field is sensed, the digital output is high, and the signal light is off.
  • Equipped with a power indicator light and a signal indicator light.
  • Output form: Digital switch output (0 and 1), analog AO port is invalid.
  • Uses an LM393 comparator for output, providing a clean signal, good waveform, and strong driving capability exceeding 15mA.
  • Equipped with fixed bolt holes for easy installation and fixation. Can be used for motor speed measurement, position detection, etc.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 21: Hall Sensor Experiment

Special Sensors

TTP223 Capacitive Touch Switch

• 
• The momentary capacitive touch switch module is a capacitive momentary touch switch module based on the touch IC (TTP223). In its normal state, the module outputs a low level and operates in low-power mode. When a finger touches the corresponding position, the module outputs a high level and switches to fast mode. When there is no touch for 12 consecutive seconds, the mode switches back to low-power mode. The module can be installed on the surface of non-metallic materials (such as glass). It has the advantages of small size, long lifespan, and stable performance.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating Voltage: 2.0V-5.5V.
  • Onboard status indicator light.
  • The module has an automatic calibration function. When no keys are touched, the system will recalibrate, with a recalibration period of approximately 4.0 seconds.
  • After powering on, it requires a stabilization time of about 0.5 seconds. Do not touch the keys during this period, as all functions are disabled.
  • The output mode can be selected through the W1 and W2 ports
    • Pin W1 provides a choice between direct mode and trigger mode.
    • Pin W2 provides a choice between fast mode and low-power mode.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 22: TTP223 Capacitive Touch Experiment

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• 
• The ultrasonic module mainly consists of two general-purpose piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic sensors and peripheral signal processing circuits. Specifically, one piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic sensor is used to emit ultrasonic signals, and the other is used to receive the reflected ultrasonic signals. Since both the emitted and received signals are relatively weak, peripheral signal amplifiers are needed to increase the power of the emitted signals and amplify the reflected signals for more stable transmission to the microcontroller. Ultrasonic modules are commonly used in applications such as robot obstacle avoidance, object ranging, liquid level detection, public security, and parking lot detection.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating Voltage: DC 3.3-5V
  • Output Ports: GPIO/UART/IIC/1-Wire
  • Output Signal: TTL level, proportional to the range
  • Operating Current: 2.2mA
  • Operating Frequency: 40Hz
  • Measurement Range: 2cm - 4.5m
  • Measurement Angle: 15 degrees
  • Measurement Accuracy: 0.1cm + 2%
  • Operating Temperature: -10°C to +70°C
  • PCB Size: 45mm x 20mm x 16mm
  • UART Settings: Baud rate 9600, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit, 8 data bits, no parity bit, no flow control
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 23: HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Experiment

Water Level Sensor

• 
• The Water Sensor is a simple, easy-to-use, compact, lightweight, and cost-effective water level/water droplet detection sensor. It measures the amount of water droplets/water level through a series of exposed parallel conductive traces to determine the water level. It easily converts water volume into an analog signal, and the output analog value can be directly applied by functions in the program to achieve the function of water level alarm. Low power consumption and high sensitivity are its other major features. When used with an Arduino controller, it can be directly plugged into the sensor expansion board for more pronounced effects.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating Voltage: DC 3-5V
  • Operating Current: Less than 20mA
  • Sensor Type: Analog
  • Detection Area: 40mm x 16mm (maximum depth of 4cm)
  • Manufacturing Process: FR4 double-sided HASL
  • Operating Temperature: 10°C-30°C
  • Operating Humidity: 10%-90% non-condensing
  • Module Weight: 3.5g
  • Board Size: 62mm x 20mm x 8mm
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 24: Water Level Sensor Experiment

Sound Sensor

• 
• The sound sensor can be used to receive sound waves and display the vibration image of sound, but it cannot measure the intensity of noise. The sound sensor is equipped with a capacitive electret microphone sensitive to sound. Sound waves cause the electret film inside the microphone to vibrate, leading to changes in capacitance, which in turn generate corresponding minute voltage changes. This voltage is then converted into a 0-5V voltage, undergoes A/D conversion, and is received by the data logger, which transmits it to the computer. This sound sensor can detect the sound intensity of the surrounding environment, recognize the loudness of the sound, and output in the form of analog signals, with the real-time output of the microphone's voltage signal varying with the sound intensity.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating Voltage: DC 4-6V
  • Main Chip: LM393, Electret Microphone
  • Module Size: 23mm x 13mm x 10mm (Length x Width x Height)
  • Used for sound detection, the module has 2 outputs:
    • AO, analog output, providing real-time output of the microphone's voltage signal
    • DO, digital output, outputting high or low level signals when the sound intensity reaches a certain threshold [the threshold and sensitivity can be adjusted via a potentiometer]
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 25: Sound Sensor Experiment

MQ-2 Smoke and Gas Sensor

• 
• The gas-sensitive material used in the MQ-2 gas sensor probe is tin dioxide (SnO2), which has low electrical conductivity in clean air. When the sensor is exposed to an environment containing combustible gases, the electrical conductivity of the sensor increases with the concentration of combustible gases in the air. A simple circuit can be used to convert changes in electrical conductivity into output signals corresponding to the gas concentration. The gas sensor has high sensitivity to liquefied petroleum gas, propane, and hydrogen, and is also ideal for detecting natural gas and other combustible vapors. This sensor can detect multiple combustible gases and is a low-cost sensor suitable for various applications.
• Onboard power indicator light and digital signal output indicator light.
• Onboard sensitivity adjustment potentiometer.
• Dual-channel signal output (analog output and digital output)
• The effective signal for digital output is low level. (When the output is low, the signal light is on and can be directly connected to a microcontroller)
• Analog output voltage range is 0~5V, with higher voltage indicating higher concentration.
• High sensitivity and good selectivity to detected gases.
• Long lifespan and reliable stability.
• Fast response and recovery characteristics.
• Parameter Description:
  • Measured Gases: Combustible gases, smoke
  • Detection Concentration: 300~10000ppm (combustible gases)
  • Operating Voltage: DC 5V
  • Sensitivity (S): ≥5
  • Output Voltage (Vs): 2.5V~4.0V
  • Concentration Slope (a): ≤0.6
  • Standard Operating Temperature: 20°C ± 2°C
  • Standard Operating Humidity: 65% ± 5%
  • Size: 32mm x 22mm x 27mm
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 26: MQ-2 Smoke Sensor Experiment

Gray Scale Sensor

• 
• The gray scale sensor consists of a white high-brightness light-emitting diode (LED) and a photoresistor. When the LED shines on paper of different grayscale values, the reflected light differs. The photoresistor receives this reflected light, and its resistance changes according to the light intensity, thereby enabling the measurement of grayscale values. This light and grayscale sensor, developed based on the photoelectric effect principle of semiconductors, primarily uses a phototransistor as its main component. Within the effective detection distance, the LED emits white light onto the detection surface, which reflects some of the light. The resistance of the phototransistor decreases as the light intensity increases. By connecting it in series with a resistor and outputting the voltage division value of the resistor, the changing light signal can be converted into a changing electrical signal and output from an analog port. The LED on the board can be used for debugging. For example, by observing the range of values read by the optical sensor when the LED shines on materials of different colors, a color recognizer or line-following robot car can be made.
• Parameter Description:
  • Operating Voltage: 3.3V or 5V
  • Operating Current: < 20mA
  • Operating Temperature Range: -10℃ to +70℃
  • Detection Resolution: 10%
  • Interface Type: Analog Signal Output
  • Dimensions: 24mm x 21mm
  • Weight: 3g
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 27: Gray Scale Sensor Experiment

Display Module

MAX7219 Dot Matrix Module

• 
• MAX7219 is an integrated serial input/output common-cathode display driver that connects a microprocessor to 7-segment digital LED displays with up to 8 digits, or it can be connected to bar graph displays or 64 individual LEDs. It includes an on-chip type B BCD encoder, multiplex scan circuitry, segment drivers, and an 8x8 static RAM for storing each data point. Only one external register is needed to set the segment current for each LED. A convenient 4-wire serial interface can be connected to a general-purpose microprocessor. Each data point can be addressed without rewriting the entire display during updates. MAX7219 also allows users to choose whether to encode or not encode each data point. The entire device includes a low-power shutdown mode of 150μA, analog and digital brightness control, a scan limit register that allows users to display 1-8 digits, and a test mode that illuminates all LEDs.
• Parameter Description:
  • Each module can drive one 8x8 common-cathode dot matrix.
  • Module Operating Voltage: 5V
  • Module Dimensions: 5cm x 3.2cm x 1.5cm
  • Comes with 4 fixed screw holes, 3mm diameter, can be fixed using M3 copper standoffs.
  • The module has input/output interfaces and supports cascading of multiple modules.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 29: MAX7219 Dot Matrix Experiment

74HC595 4-Digit Seven-Segment Display Module

• 
• A seven-segment display, also known as a nixie tube, is an electronic device that can display numbers and other information. The glass tube contains an anode made of a metal mesh and multiple cathodes. Most of the cathode shapes in the tube represent numbers. The tube is filled with low-pressure gas, usually mostly neon with some mercury and/or argon. When a certain cathode is charged, the seven-segment display emits light of a specific color, depending on the gas inside the tube.
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 30: 4-Digit Serial Seven-Segment Display Experiment

5V LCD1602

• 
• The 1602 character LCD display module is specifically designed for displaying letters, numbers, symbols, and other dot-matrix characters. It supports 4-bit and 8-bit data transfer modes. It provides a 5x7 dot-matrix + cursor display mode. It includes a display data RAM (DDRAM), a character generator ROM (CGROM), and a character generator RAM (CGRAM), allowing users to store up to 8 custom 5x8 dot-matrix graphic character patterns in CGRAM. It offers a rich set of instructions for functions such as clearing the display, moving the cursor to the home position, turning the display on/off, turning the cursor on/off, blinking the displayed characters, shifting the cursor, and shifting the display. It includes an internal power-on automatic reset circuit that automatically initializes the module to its default display operating state when power is applied.
• Parameter Description:
  • Power Supply Voltage: 4.5V-5.5V (5V optimal)
  • Screen: Yellow-green
  • Display Capacity: 16x2 characters
  • Data Transfer: 4-bit or 8-bit parallel
  • Number of Interfaces: 16Pin
  • Operating Current (without backlight): 0.9mA-1.7mA
  • Operating Current (with backlight): 35mA-40mA
  • Driving Voltage: 4.2V-4.8V (4.5V optimal)
  • Driving Current: 0.6mA
  • Backlight Power Consumption: 170mW-200mW
  • Display Duty Cycle: 1/16
  • Driving Bias: 1/5
  • Operating Temperature: -20℃ to 70℃
  • Storage Temperature: -30℃ to 80℃
  • Visible Area: 76mm x 25.2mm
  • External Dimensions: 98mm x 60mm x 13.5mm
• Reference Example: Arduino Experiment 31: LCD1602 Experiment

Motor

DC Motor

• 
• The DC motor is the most common type of motor. A DC motor typically has only two leads, one positive and one negative. If these two leads are directly connected to a battery, the motor will rotate. If the leads are switched, the motor will rotate in the opposite direction.
• Do not drive the motor directly from the Arduino board pins. This may damage the circuit board. Use a driver circuit or IC.
• Reference Routines:
  • Arduino Experiment 32: DC Motor Driving Experiment
  • Arduino Experiment 34: Fan Speed Adjustment Experiment

ULN2003 Driver Board

• 

Stepper Motor

• 
• Reference Routine: Arduino Experiment 18: Stepper Motor Experiment